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Crystal Structure & Behavior of semiconductor
At temperatures above absolute zero, some electrons are excited out over the band gap into the conduction band. When the electron in pure silicon crosses the gap, it creates a vacancy, known as a hole, in the regular silicon lattice. A hole means actually nothing. But since it can accept an electron to get occupied into it, it is assumed to have a positive charge.
What is Peak, R.M.S. & Average Value of ac voltage and current
The average value of a waveform, which swings symmetrically above and below zero, will be obviously zero, when measured over a long period of time. Hence, average values of currents and voltages are invariably taken over one complete half-cycle (either positive or negative) rather than over one complete full-cycle (which would result in an average value of zero).
Simple details of atomic structure of semiconductor
When the number of valence electrons of an atom is equal to 4, (exactly the half of maximum 8 electrons), the material possesses both types of properties of metals and non-metals. And it is generally classified into the group of semiconductors. Examples: Carbon, Silicon, Germanium.
Project reports downloads for XII electronics students
The project reports published here are free for downloading. Each project report is in editable format of MS Word file, which contains the basic theme of the relevant project idea and given topic.
What is LDR? Basics of light dependent resistor
In a semiconductor an energy gap exists between conduction electrons and valence electrons. As an LDR is also known as semiconductor photoconductive transducer, when light is incident on it, a photon is absorbed and thereby it excites an electron from valence band into conduction band. Due to such new electrons coming up in conduction band area, the electrical resistance of the device decreases….
How IC 555 timer works? Fundamentals of IC 555 timer & its basic applications
This article was first written on 16 Dec. 2011 and now it is rewritten in simple language with more practical approach, due to huge demand from visitors. Pin-wise functioning of IC555 timer Pin-1, GROUND: It is the GROUND PIN of the IC. The negative terminal of DC power supply or battery is connected to this [...]
More Solved specimen papers of meritorious students of Bifocal Vocational Electronics-XII
Good collection of solved papers of Bifocal Vocational Electronics Standard XII, by meritorious students, who scored not less than 98% to 100% marks in those papers. Learn how to solve the question paper of electronics. Point to point answers, neat writing, specific and clean circuit diagrams, correct answers, clean paper, systematic steps in problem solving and the most important is their confidence in preparation…
